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Are ziehen, anziehen, ausziehen and umziehen about clothes or moving?

Ziehen commonly means pulling, but also moving to a place. Anziehen means putting on clothing or getting dressed. Ausziehen can mean taking clothing off or moving out. Umziehen can mean moving home or changing clothes. The object, reflexive pronoun and perfect auxiliary help identify the meaning, so translating just the prefix is unreliable.

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Meaning, sentence patterns and examples

At a glance
WordCore meaningTypical contextGrammar
ziehenpull; move to a placedoors, objects and relocationStrong: zog, gezogen; haben or sein depends on sense.
anziehenput on; dress; attractclothes and attractionSeparable; zog an, hat angezogen; reflexive case depends on objects.
ausziehentake off; undress; move outclothes and housingSeparable; zog aus; hat for clothes, ist for moving out.
umziehenmove home; change clothesa new residence or a new outfitSeparable; zog um; ist moved, hat changed clothes.

ziehen

Meaning and usage: Ziehen describes applying pulling force to an object. In a relocation context, it can describe going to live somewhere. A door marked Ziehen means pull; nach Leipzig ziehen concerns relocation.

Grammar: Strong, nonseparable: zieht, zog, gezogen. Pulling an accusative object uses haben: hat den Wagen gezogen. Relocating without a direct object normally uses sein: ist nach Leipzig gezogen.

Ich ziehe den Stuhl näher an den Tisch.

I pull the chair closer to the table.

anziehen

Meaning and usage: Anziehen names putting on an item or dressing yourself or another person. It also means attracting attention, people or metal. Context identifies the sense.

Grammar: Strong and separable: zieht an, zog an, hat angezogen. Say ich ziehe mich an when dressing myself, but ich ziehe mir die Jacke an with an accusative garment and dative mir.

Ich ziehe mir vor dem Spaziergang die warme Jacke an.

I put on my warm jacket before the walk.

ausziehen

Meaning and usage: Ausziehen reverses putting clothes on. It also describes leaving the home you occupied. Moving out need not name your next address. Some objects, such as an extendable table, have further literal pulling-out meanings.

Grammar: Strong and separable: zieht aus, zog aus, ausgezogen. Clothing uses haben; moving out uses sein. Compare sich ausziehen with sich etwas ausziehen, using accusative and dative reflexive pronouns respectively.

Sie hat ihre Schuhe ausgezogen.

She took off her shoes.

Unser Nachbar ist gestern ausgezogen.

Our neighbor moved out yesterday.

umziehen

Meaning and usage: Umziehen means changing where you live or changing what you wear. The clothes meaning is commonly reflexive. Packing boxes suggests relocation; sportswear suggests changing clothes.

Grammar: Strong and separable: zieht um, zog um, umgezogen. For relocating: ist umgezogen. For changing clothes: hat sich umgezogen, with accusative reflexive pronoun. A separate uncommon inseparable homograph exists.

Wir sind im August in eine größere Wohnung umgezogen.

We moved into a larger apartment in August.

Nach der Arbeit habe ich mich umgezogen.

After work, I changed clothes.

Overlap and context

Ausziehen and umziehen can describe stages of one housing move: leaving the old home and relocating to another. Do not assume hat/ist is a universal rule for every technical meaning; here it identifies the common clothes and self-relocation senses.

Common mistakes

  • Changing clothes is Ich habe mich umgezogen; relocating is Ich bin umgezogen.
  • With an explicit garment, use mir in Ich ziehe mir den Mantel an.
  • Separable prefixes go to the end in a main clause: Sie zieht heute aus.

Memory aid: An: clothes on. Aus: clothes off or home left. Um: another outfit or home.

Try it

Which auxiliary fits? Wir ___ letzte Woche nach Bremen umgezogen.

Show the answer

sind

The sentence describes relocating, so the ordinary perfect uses sein.

Sources for meaning and usage

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