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How do weisen, beweisen, nachweisen and hinweisen differ?

Weisen points or directs, often in a more formal style. Beweisen proves or demonstrates something. Nachweisen establishes something with evidence, documentation or detection. Hinweisen directs attention to something or indicates it. Beweisen and nachweisen overlap; neither is universally stronger. A document may prove a qualification, a test may detect a substance, and a sign may point out a danger without proving that a particular accident will occur.

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Meaning, sentence patterns and examples

At a glance
WordCore meaningTypical contextGrammar
weisenpoint; show a directionSigns, directions and formal expressionsStrong: weist, wies, hat gewiesen; no separable prefix. Jemandem den Weg weisen has dative person and accusative route. Auf + accusative or a directional phrase can identify the direction.
beweisenprove; demonstrateClaims and qualities shown by evidenceInseparable be-. Strong: beweist, bewies, hat bewiesen. Etwas beweisen takes accusative; jemandem etwas beweisen adds a dative recipient. A dass clause can supply the claim.
nachweisenestablish; document; detectQualifications, records and test resultsSeparable nach-: weist nach, wies nach, hat nachgewiesen. Etwas nachweisen takes accusative; jemandem etwas nachweisen can add dative.
hinweisenpoint out; indicateAttention and signs of a possible conclusionSeparable hin-: weist hin, wies hin, hat hingewiesen. Auf etwas hinweisen takes auf + accusative; jemanden auf etwas hinweisen adds an accusative person.

weisen

Meaning and usage: Weisen can show where to go or direct someone somewhere. Many everyday speakers would use zeigen for showing a route, while jemandem den Weg weisen is a well-established expression. It is not the ordinary verb for proving a factual claim.

Grammar: Strong: weist, wies, hat gewiesen; no separable prefix. Jemandem den Weg weisen has dative person and accusative route. Auf + accusative or a directional phrase can identify the direction.

Ein Schild weist auf den Ausgang.

A sign points to the exit.

beweisen

Meaning and usage: Beweisen supports the truth of a claim or shows a quality such as patience or courage. Sich beweisen means demonstrate your ability. Evidence can come from argument, observation or documents; the verb does not require a courtroom or mathematics problem.

Grammar: Inseparable be-. Strong: beweist, bewies, hat bewiesen. Etwas beweisen takes accusative; jemandem etwas beweisen adds a dative recipient. A dass clause can supply the claim.

Diese Aufnahme beweist, dass sie dort war.

This recording proves that she was there.

nachweisen

Meaning and usage: Nachweisen often emphasizes an identifiable basis for a fact: records documenting employment, a test detecting a substance, or evidence establishing an event. It can replace beweisen in some contexts, but it also has these characteristic documentation and detection uses.

Grammar: Separable nach-: weist nach, wies nach, hat nachgewiesen. Etwas nachweisen takes accusative; jemandem etwas nachweisen can add dative.

Sie muss ihre Berufserfahrung nachweisen.

She must provide evidence of her work experience.

hinweisen

Meaning and usage: Hinweisen may draw someone’s attention to a rule or risk. With a sign or finding as subject, it may indicate something. Evidence that auf etwas hinweist need not settle the matter as a proof would.

Grammar: Separable hin-: weist hin, wies hin, hat hingewiesen. Auf etwas hinweisen takes auf + accusative; jemanden auf etwas hinweisen adds an accusative person.

Die E-Mail weist uns auf eine neue Frist hin.

The email draws our attention to a new deadline.

Overlap and context

Beweisen and nachweisen can both establish a fact conclusively. Treat documentation and detection as helpful contexts for nachweisen, not a rigid ban on using beweisen. Hinweisen can be weaker evidence, but its communication sense may simply mean point something out. A source’s actual evidence decides how certain a conclusion is.

Common mistakes

  • Do not confuse weist from weisen with weiß from wissen.
  • Use auf eine Änderung hinweisen, not eine Änderung hinweisen without auf.

Memory aid: A sign points; evidence proves; a record documents; a notice points something out. Match the type of information to the complete phrase.

Try it

Complete: Die Lehrerin weist uns ___ den Fehler hin.

Show the answer

auf

The pattern is jemanden auf etwas hinweisen, with auf + accusative.

Sources for meaning and usage

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