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How do sehen, ansehen, aussehen and übersehen differ?

Sehen usually means see or look. Ansehen directs your attention towards someone or something: look at or watch. Aussehen describes an appearance: look tired, look expensive or seem promising. Übersehen commonly means fail to notice, but can also mean see across an area or grasp a situation as a whole. The shared sehen stem does not make these verbs interchangeable. First ask whether you are describing perception, deliberate viewing, appearance or something missed.

All German word comparisons · Back to the topic overview

Meaning, sentence patterns and examples

At a glance
WordCore meaningTypical contextGrammar
sehensee; lookVisual perception and noticingStrong base verb: sieht, sah, hat gesehen. Etwas/jemanden sehen takes accusative. Direction phrases include auf etwas sehen with auf + accusative.
ansehenlook at; watchExamining things or watching mediaSeparable an-: sieht an, hat angesehen. Etwas ansehen takes accusative; in Ich sehe mir etwas an, mir is dative. Jemanden als etwas ansehen means regard someone as something.
aussehenlook; appearAppearance and impressionsSeparable aus-: sieht aus, hat ausgesehen. Usually no direct object in this sense; use an adjective, wie + noun phrase, or an als-ob clause.
übersehenoverlook; also survey or comprehendMissed details and an overall viewInseparable in these senses: übersieht, übersah, hat übersehen. Takes an accusative object. A separate colloquial reflexive verb with übergesehen exists, but is outside this lesson.

sehen

Meaning and usage: Sehen can describe the ability to see, something you perceive, or directing your eyes somewhere. It can also cover watching a film. The difference from ansehen is therefore an emphasis, not a rule that sehen is always accidental.

Grammar: Strong base verb: sieht, sah, hat gesehen. Etwas/jemanden sehen takes accusative. Direction phrases include auf etwas sehen with auf + accusative.

Ich sehe ein Schiff am Horizont.

I can see a ship on the horizon.

ansehen

Meaning and usage: Ansehen often highlights the thing that receives your attention. Sich etwas ansehen is a common way to say look at or watch something for yourself. It also has the separate meaning regard as.

Grammar: Separable an-: sieht an, hat angesehen. Etwas ansehen takes accusative; in Ich sehe mir etwas an, mir is dative. Jemanden als etwas ansehen means regard someone as something.

Wir sehen uns heute einen alten Film an.

We are watching an old film today.

aussehen

Meaning and usage: Aussehen links a person or thing to an impression. An adjective stays uninflected after the verb, just as in Das Haus ist teuer. A wie phrase can compare the appearance to something else.

Grammar: Separable aus-: sieht aus, hat ausgesehen. Usually no direct object in this sense; use an adjective, wie + noun phrase, or an als-ob clause.

Das kleine Zimmer sieht hell und freundlich aus.

The small room looks bright and welcoming.

übersehen

Meaning and usage: The common learner use is overlooking a detail: failing to notice it accidentally or deliberately ignoring it. A different sense describes seeing an entire area or understanding the scope of a situation. Context distinguishes missing or disregarding something from taking it in.

Grammar: Inseparable in these senses: übersieht, übersah, hat übersehen. Takes an accusative object. A separate colloquial reflexive verb with übergesehen exists, but is outside this lesson.

Ich habe den Hinweis am Eingang übersehen.

I overlooked the notice at the entrance.

Overlap and context

Ich habe den Film gesehen and Ich habe mir den Film angesehen can describe the same activity. Aussehen changes the question from what you see to how something appears. Übersehen is particularly risky because its other meanings are not negative: a viewpoint can let you survey an entire bay.

Common mistakes

  • Do not say Das Zimmer sieht hell to mean looks bright: include aus.
  • For overlooking a notice, use hat übersehen, not hat übergesehen.

Memory aid: An points your gaze at something; aus gives its outward impression. Learn übersehen with a missed-detail example so the prefix does not trick you.

Try it

Complete: Du ___ müde ___ . Hast du schlecht geschlafen?

Show the answer

siehst … aus

The speaker comments on appearance, so aussehen is the relevant verb.

Sources for meaning and usage

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