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How do nehmen, annehmen, aufnehmen and übernehmen differ?

Nehmen is the general verb for taking. Annehmen often means accepting something offered or assuming something is true. Aufnehmen can mean admitting someone or recording something. Übernehmen means taking over something, such as a task or responsibility. The prefix changes both the meaning and, sometimes, the sentence pattern; translating every form as 'take' hides these useful distinctions.

All German word comparisons · Back to the topic overview

Meaning, sentence patterns and examples

At a glance
WordCore meaningTypical contextGrammar
nehmentakeobjects, choices, transportIrregular; nimmt, nahm, hat genommen
annehmenaccept; assumeoffers, invitations, beliefsSeparable; nimmt an, hat angenommen
aufnehmenadmit; recordmembers, guests, audioSeparable; nimmt auf, hat aufgenommen
übernehmentake overtasks, responsibilities, businessesInseparable here; übernimmt, hat übernommen

nehmen

Meaning and usage: Use this broad verb when someone takes an object, chooses something offered, or uses transport. It does not by itself specify accepting a proposal or assuming responsibility.

Grammar: Usually an accusative object: etwas nehmen. The stem changes in du nimmst and er nimmt; the past is nahm.

Ich nehme den früheren Zug.

I am taking the earlier train.

annehmen

Meaning and usage: An offered invitation or proposal can be accepted. In a different sense, the verb expresses an assumption rather than something you know for certain.

Grammar: Etwas annehmen takes an accusative object; annehmen, dass introduces the content of an assumption. The separable prefix goes to the clause end.

Sie nimmt unsere Einladung an.

She accepts our invitation.

Ich nehme an, dass der Laden noch offen ist.

I assume the shop is still open.

aufnehmen

Meaning and usage: An organization can admit a person. Recording audio or video is another useful sense; the exact object identifies the meaning.

Grammar: Jemanden or etwas aufnehmen takes an accusative object. Use aufgenommen in the perfect.

Der Verein nimmt neue Mitglieder auf.

The club admits new members.

Wir nehmen das Gespräch auf.

We are recording the conversation.

übernehmen

Meaning and usage: Use this for taking a task, role or responsibility into your own hands, or succeeding someone in running something.

Grammar: Jemanden/etwas übernehmen; the ordinary 'take over' verb is inseparable: übernimmt, übernahm, hat übernommen.

Morgen übernehme ich die Leitung des Teams.

Tomorrow I take over the leadership of the team.

Overlap and context

The verbs share a broad idea of taking, but they foreground different actions. Annehmen and übernehmen may describe successive steps: you accept a proposed task and then take responsibility for it. Aufnehmen has additional senses; this lesson selects two practical ones rather than treating the prefix as a universal formula.

Common mistakes

  • Do not separate übernehmen in its everyday take-over meaning: ich übernehme die Aufgabe, not ich nehme die Aufgabe über.
  • Annehmen can express a belief; it does not always involve a physical object.
  • Recording a conversation is ein Gespräch aufnehmen, not automatically ein Gespräch nehmen.

Memory aid: Accept an offer, admit or record something, take over a responsibility.

Try it

Complete: Kannst du morgen meine Schicht ___? You want someone to cover your shift.

Show the answer

übernehmen

The person would take responsibility for the shift. Accepting an offer would call for annehmen instead.

Sources for meaning and usage

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