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Home / German passive with modal verbs: form and meaning

How do I combine a modal verb with the passive?

A modal verb carries necessity, possibility or another modal meaning. Keep the passive infinitive Partizip II plus werden together, while the finite modal follows the clause pattern. Simple present and past patterns are the starting point.

Keep the modal verb outside the passive infinitive

Der Anschluss muss geprüft werden expresses necessity; kann geprüft werden expresses possibility. In Präteritum: Der Anschluss musste geprüft werden. In a subordinate clause: weil der Anschluss geprüft werden muss. The ending geprüft werden remains an infinitive passive.

Check the construction in context

Choose your answer before opening the explanation. Check the whole phrase as well as the form.

6. Make the necessity past: Der Anschluss muss geprüft werden.

Der Anschluss musste geprüft werden. The modal verb carries Präteritum; the passive infinitive remains unchanged.

Build the passive group around the modal verb

Keep the intended modality: müssen can express necessity, können possibility and dürfen permission. In the simple patterns here, conjugate the modal verb for the subject. Put Partizip II with the infinitive werden at the end of the main clause. In an ordinary subordinate clause, that group precedes the finite modal. For the past with musste or konnte, the passive infinitive stays the same. Longer perfect constructions need their own word-order pattern.

Two worked examples

Die Anträge müssen heute unterschrieben werden. The subject is plural, so the finite modal is müssen. Unterschrieben werden forms the passive infinitive.

Ich warte, weil mein Fahrrad noch repariert werden muss. The bicycle is singular. In this weil-clause, repariert werden comes before the finite muss.

Apply the pattern

Additional check 1. Change only the subject to the plural and adapt agreement: Die Tür kann von außen geöffnet werden. → Die Türen …

Die Türen können von außen geöffnet werden. The plural subject requires können. Geöffnet werden does not change.

Additional check 2. Express the same necessity in the Präteritum: Das Paket muss neu verpackt werden.

Das Paket musste neu verpackt werden. Musste places the necessity in the past. Neu verpackt werden stays the passive infinitive.

Additional check 3. Order the subordinate clause: weil / die Unterlagen / kontrolliert / werden / müssen.

weil die Unterlagen kontrolliert werden müssen. The finite müssen stands after the passive infinitive kontrolliert werden in this simple subordinate pattern.

Start with the topic overview

German werden passive: perspective, tense and subjects · Find another grammar topic

Questions about this topic

Why does werden remain after the modal verb?

Partizip II and werden form the passive infinitive. The modal adds its meaning to that construction. Removing werden can change the grammatical construction and the claim.

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