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How do I build an imagined comparison with als ob?

Als ob introduces a comparison with an imagined situation. A shorter als construction puts the finite verb first. Konjunktiv II is a useful pattern, with time reference and other mood choices depending on context.

Form imagined comparisons with als ob or als

Er spricht, als ob er die Lösung wüsste compares his manner to an imagined situation. With als ob the finite verb is final. The shorter pattern is Er spricht, als wüsste er die Lösung. An earlier imagined event uses als ob er die Nachricht schon gelesen hätte. Konjunktiv I also occurs in these comparisons, especially in written language; Konjunktiv II is a useful productive pattern, not the only possible mood in every appearance comparison.

Check the construction in context

Choose your answer before opening the explanation. Check the whole phrase as well as the form.

8. Complete the imaginary comparison with wissen: Er spricht, als ob er alles __.

wüsste. The finite Konjunktiv II stands at the end. The shorter version is Er spricht, als wüsste er alles.

Choose the comparison, time reference and word order

Describe what an action or appearance resembles without presenting the imagined situation as confirmed. With als ob, put the finite verb at the end. With the shorter als construction, put it immediately after als. A simple Konjunktiv II form can describe an imagined current state; a perfect form can refer to an earlier event. Konjunktiv I is also possible in these comparisons. The comparison alone does not establish whether the imagined situation is true or false.

Two worked examples

Mara sieht aus, als ob sie die ganze Nacht gearbeitet hätte. The comparison concerns earlier work; hätte completes gearbeitet hätte at the end of the subordinate clause.

Paul spricht mit mir, als wäre ich ein Kind. The imagined state is current. After the shorter als, wäre precedes ich.

Apply the pattern

Additional check 1. Use Konjunktiv II of sein: Sie tut so, als ob sie sehr müde ___.

Sie tut so, als ob sie sehr müde wäre. Wäre is the requested Konjunktiv II form. The finite verb comes last after als ob.

Additional check 2. Shorten the comparison using als: Er antwortet, als ob er die Frage nicht gehört hätte.

Er antwortet, als hätte er die Frage nicht gehört. Hätte moves directly after als. Keep the earlier time reference and the negation.

Additional check 3. Is Er spricht, als ob er die Lösung wisse automatically wrong because wisse is Konjunktiv I?

No. Konjunktiv I is possible in this comparison. Wüsste is a usual Konjunktiv II alternative; neither form by itself confirms his knowledge.

Start with the topic overview

Konjunktiv II: forms, hypothetical time and conditions · Find another grammar topic

Questions about this topic

Is Konjunktiv II the only mood used in these comparisons?

No. Konjunktiv I also occurs, especially in written comparisons. Konjunktiv II is a useful productive learner pattern, not the only possible form in every context.

Sources and further learning

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